What are the two circuits of a separately-excited generator commonly referred to as?

In a separately-excited generator, the two circuits are commonly referred to as the field circuit and the armature circuit. The field circuit is responsible for generating the magnetic field required for operation, which is created by an external power source supplying current to the field windings. This arrangement allows for control over the magnetic field strength, which in turn affects the output voltage of the generator.

The armature circuit, on the other hand, consists of the armature winding where the actual electrical output is generated as the armature rotates within the magnetic field created by the field circuit. The interaction between the magnetic field and the armature movement induces a voltage according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.

Understanding these two circuits is crucial in the study of generator operation, as they directly relate to how a separately-excited generator works and how it can be controlled to provide a stable output voltage. The other choices listed refer to different components or systems that do not accurately describe the specific functions of the circuits in a separately-excited generator.